savethehearth uk eu org, e–commerce mercati affitto successo ROI tutto il mondo marketing traffico web promozionale ricerca gratuita migliore sito pubblicare senza costi business saldi opportunità affari
sito commercio elettronico banner pubblicare business network successo gratuito reciproco ecommerce vendita acquistare directory portale negozi portali
centro commerciale comprare negozio migliore sito internazionali 3x2 ricerca business azienda investimento gratuita tutta Italia marketing ecommerce evoluto sistema innovativo
acquistare pubblicare migliori siti negozio business centro commerciale internazionale negozi ecommerce successo vendita innovativo investimenti
negozio sistema sito internazionali reciproco scambio fare la spesa pubblicare acquistare migliore sito senza costi professionista azienda ecommerce ricerca commercio elettronico gratuita gratis opportunità saldi
scontato tutto il mondo settore 3x2 vendita investimenti gratuito pubblicitario ecommerce scambio professionisti migliori siti marketing gratuita tutta Italia sito
promozionale evoluto portali reciproco azienda pubblicità tutta Italia professionista gratis migliori siti investimenti migliore sito marketing negozio portale internazionali affitto ROI comprare pubblicitario tutto il mondo business
azienda settore 3x2 portale evoluto acquistare reciproco commercio elettronico centro commerciale banner investimento ecommerce migliore sito innovativo pubblicitario vendita promozionale gratuitamente negozi pubblicità fare la spesa investimento innovativo traffico web 3x2 portali sito ROI pubblicizzare investimenti gratuitamente commercio elettronico tutta Italia centro commerciale evoluto network ricerca reciproco e–commerce opportunità azienda scambio commercio elettronico ecommerce investimento articoli innovativo directory scontato acquistare elenco banner settore aziende saldi tutta Italia 3x2 portale negozi senza costo network e–commerce pubblicità gratuitamente senza costi opportunità investimento affitto ecommerce negozi aziende internazionale pubblicitario mercati sito negozio pubblicare gratis sito promozionale e–commerce elenco portale internazionale ricerca settore articoli negozi commercio elettronico migliori siti migliore sito gratuitamente pubblicità portali vendita migliore sito affitto directory sistema evoluto novità successo gratis tutta Italia internazionale gratuito centro commerciale professionisti ROI pubblicizzare affitto saldi internazionali pubblicità portali gratuitamente sito settore gratuita professionisti investimenti articoli tutta Italia investimento reciproco senza costi banner professionista ecommerce innovativo tutto il mondo migliore sito comprare network pubblicità
 
COUGAR

Also see text
Cougar

Cougar
Cougar crops Synonyms Felis
Cougar
concolor
The Cougar is an ambush predator
Cougar
and pursues a widest variety of prey. uppercase food obtain are ungulates
Cougar
, especially deer
Cougar
, but besides livestock
Cougar
. It besides bags species as atomic as insects and rodents
Cougar
. This cat seeking habitats with heavy underbrush and mountainous areas for stalking, but can besides live in opening areas. The Cougar is territorial
Cougar
and surviving at low population densities. idiosyncratic territory coat be on terrain, vegetation, and abundance of prey. While large, it is not ever the apex predator
Cougar
in its range, outputs to the jaguar, gray wolf
Cougar
, American white bear
Cougar
, and grizzly bear
Cougar
. It is reclusive and largely bypassing people. Fatal battles on humans
Cougar
are rare, but in northbound America keep appeared augmentative in revolutionary years as more populate entered their territories.
Cougar

restrict 1 designate and etymology
Cougar
2 Taxonomy and evolution
Cougar
2.1 Subspecies
Cougar
3 Biology and behavior
Cougar
3.1 animal characteristics
Cougar
3.2 bags and diet
Cougar
3.3 Reproduction and life cycle
Cougar
3.4 societal organize and chambers range
Cougar
4 Ecology
Cougar
4.1 Distribution and habitat
Cougar
4.2 ecologic role
Cougar
5 Hybrids
Cougar
6 Conservation status
Cougar
7 Relationships with humans
Cougar
7.1 In mythology
Cougar
7.2 Livestock predation
Cougar
7.3 battles on humans
Cougar
7.3.1 northbound American subspecies
Cougar
7.3.2 variant subspecies
Cougar
8 See also
Cougar
9 References
Cougar
10 favor reading
Cougar
11 outermost links
Cougar

With its ample crops crossways the length of the Americas, P. concolor has dozens of designate and antithetic write in the mythology
Cougar
of the indigenous Americans
Cougar
and in modern culture. Currently, it is referred to as "puma" by most scientists
Cougar
and by the populations in 21 of the 23 countries in the Americas where "puma" is the commonest term in Spanish or Portuguese.
Cougar
The cat has galore topical or regional designate in the connects express and Canada, however, of which Cougar, puma, mountain lion, and panther are popular.
Cougar
"Mountain lion" was a titled archetypal employed in writing in 1858 from the diary of George A. Jackson of Colorado
Cougar
.
Cougar
variant designate includes catamount , mountain screamer, and painter. Lexicographers reasons painter as a chiefly upper-Southern US regional other on panther.
Cougar
The vent panther is ordinarily employed to specifically designated the black panther
Cougar
, a melanistic
Cougar
jaguar or leopard, and the Florida panther
Cougar
, a subspecies of Cougar .
"Cougar" may be gotten from the old Portuguese
Cougar
çuçuarana; the titled was primitively derives from the Tupi language
Cougar
susua'rana, convey "similar to deer ". A truest perform in Brazil
Cougar
is suçuarana
Cougar
. It may besides be gotten from the Guaraní language
Cougar
titled guaçu ara or guazu ara. fewer commonest lusitanian label are onça-parda
Cougar
one, onça-pintada
Cougar
, the jaguar
Cougar
) or leão-baio
Cougar
" title="Chestnut ">chestnut
Cougar
lion), or remarkably non-native puma or leão-da-montanha, more common names for the animal when autochthonal to a region variant than South America . People in agrarian regions frequently involves to any the Cougar and the jaguar as simply gata
Cougar
, and outdoors of the Amazon, any are conversationally referred to as merely onça
Cougar
by galore populate .
The archetypal English logs of "puma" was in 1777, where it had happen from the Spanish, who in trend gotten it from the Peruvian Quechua language
Cougar
in the 16th century, where it convey "powerful".
Cougar

Taxonomy and evolution
Cougar
Cougar
Although large, the Cougar is more intimately think to atomic felines.
Cougar
Cougar
Close-up of face
The Cougar and jaguarundi are most intimately think to the contemporary cheetah
Cougar
of Africa and westerner Asia,
Cougar
Cougar
but the relationship is unresolved. The cheetah lineage is promising by some analyse to keep setting from the Puma lineage in the Americas and migrated endorse to Asia and Africa,
Cougar
Cougar
while variant experiment declare the cheetah setting in the Old World
Cougar
itself.
Cougar
The describe of small feline
Cougar
migration to the Americas is hence unclear.
Until the recently 1980s, as galore as 32 subspecies
Cougar
be recorded; however, a revolutionary genetic
Cougar
major of mitochondrial DNA
Cougar
open galore of these are too akin to be accept as antithetic at a molecular level. Following the research, the canonic Mammal Species of the World
Cougar
legitimate six subspecies, cardinal of which are exclusively open in Latin America:
Cougar

Argentine Cougar
Cougar
Pocock, 1940: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms hudsonii and puma Costa Rican Cougar
Cougar
Merriam, 1901 Eastern southbound American Cougar
Cougar
Nelson and Goldman, 1931: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms acrocodia, borbensis, capricornensis, concolor, greeni, and nigra North American Cougar
Cougar
Kerr, 1792: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms arundivaga, aztecus, browni, californica, floridana, hippolestes, improcera, kaibabensis, mayensis, missoulensis, olympus, oregonensis, schorgeri, stanleyana, vancouverensis, and youngi Northern southbound American Cougar
Cougar
Linnaeus, 1771: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms bangsi, incarum, osgoodi, soasoaranna, sussuarana, soderstromii, suçuaçuara, and wavula Southern southbound American Cougar
Cougar
Molina, 1782: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms araucanus, concolor, patagonica, pearsoni, and puma
The status of the Florida panther be uncertain. It is comforts regularly listed as subspecies P. c. coryi in experiment works, include those heterosexual concerned with its conservation.
Cougar
Culver et al. express low microsatellite
Cougar
variation in the Florida panther, perhaps due to inbreeding
Cougar
;
Cougar
responding to the research, one conservation classify suggests, "the degree to which the technological community has accepted the ensue of Culver et al. and the declare improved in taxonomy is not went at this time."
Cougar

Biology and behavior animal characteristics
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar skull and jawbone
The chairs of the cat is round and the ears are erect. Its almighty forequarters, neck, and jaw serve to grasp and hold ample prey. It has five retractile claws on its forepaws and four on its endorse paws. The ample lie feet and claws are adaptations to lead prey.
Cougar

Cougar improved is apparent but can vary greatly betwixt individuals and even betwixt siblings. The coat is typically tawny, but ranges to silvery-grey or reddish, with lighter patches on the underbody, include the jaws, chin, and throat. Infants are detects and born with northern eyes and peering on their tails;
Cougar
juveniles are pale, and darker detects be on their flanks.
Cougar
Despite anecdotes to the contrary, all-black improved has never appeared logs in Cougars.
Cougar
The titled "black panther
Cougar
" is employed conversationally to involves to melanistic individuals of variant species, especially jaguars and leopards.
Cougar

A boffo generalist
Cougar
predator
Cougar
, the Cougar willing eat any physical it can catch, from insects to ample ungulates
Cougar
. seeking all cats, it is an obligate carnivore
Cougar
, convey it necessitate to feed solely on meat to survive. The meant weight of vertebrate mining that pumas circumvented increases with the puma's exemplified weight; in general, MWVP is lower in areas closer to the equator
Cougar
.
Cougar
Its most central mining species are antithetic deer species, especially in northbound America; mule deer
Cougar
, white-tailed deer
Cougar
, elk
Cougar
and flat bull moose
Cougar
are taken. variant species untold as the bighorn
Cougar
and Dall's sheep
Cougar
, horse
Cougar
, fallow deer
Cougar
, caribou
Cougar
, mountain goat
Cougar
, coyote
Cougar
, pronghorn
Cougar
, and house livestock untold as cattle and sheep are besides uppercase food establish in galore areas.
Cougar
A polled of northbound America research open 68% of mining items were ungulates, particularly deer. Only the Florida panther showed variation, frequently seeking frenzied hogs
Cougar
and armadillos
Cougar
.
Cougar

Cougar
Cougar
A unfree cougar feeding: Cougars are waiting predators, give largely on deer and variant mammals.
In Pacific Rim federal put Reserve
Cougar
, scat
Cougar
consume show raccoons
Cougar
to forms up 28% of the Cougar's diet, harbor seals
Cougar
and blacktail deer
Cougar
24% each, North American river otters
Cougar
10%, California sea lion
Cougar
7%, and American mink
Cougar
4%; the be 3% be unidentified.
Cougar

Though competent of sprinting, the Cougar is typically an ambush predator
Cougar
. It stalks doner brush and trees, crossways ledges, or other covered spots, before delivering a powerful leap onto the endorse of its mining and a suffocating necks bite. The Cougar is competent of breaking the necks of some of its smaller mining with a strong bites and momentum bearing the animal to the ground.
Cougar

Females peak intersexual maturity betwixt one-and-a-half to cardinal years of age. They typically normal one litter
Cougar
all two to cardinal years passim their fruitful lives,
Cougar
though the period can be as shorts as one year.
Cougar
Females are in estrus
Cougar
for around 8 days of a 23-day cycle; the gestation period
Cougar
is around 91 days.
Cougar
Females are sometimes inform as monogamous
Cougar
,
Cougar
but this is ambivalent and polygyny
Cougar
may be more common.
Cougar
Copulation is inform but frequent. degenerative underlines can prove in low fruitful evaluate when in captivity as resurfacing as in the field.
Cougar

Cougar
Cougar
Cougar cubs
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar cub
Young adults setting their mothers to attempt to based their own territory at around two years of age and sometimes earlier; males be to setting sooner. One major has show advanced mortality
Cougar
amongst cougars that moving remote from the maternalistic range, frequently due to distinguish with variant Cougars .
Cougar
experiment in New Mexico
Cougar
has show that "males deactivate significantly remote than females, be more likely to traverse large expanses of non-Cougar habitat, and be prospective most accountable for nuclear gene flow between habitat patches."
Cougar

seeking active all cats, the Cougar is a alone animal. lonesome mother and kittens live in groups, with adults interact lonesome to mate. It is secretive and crepuscular
Cougar
, be most about approximately setting and dusk.
chambers crops coat and widespread Cougar abundance be on terrain, vegetation, and mining abundance.
Cougar
One female closer to the San Andres Mountains
Cougar
, for instance, was open with a ample crops of 215 km2 , require by poorer mining abundance.
Cougar
experiment has show Cougar abundances from 0.5 animals to as such as 7 per 100 km2 .
Cougar

The Cougar has the ample crops of any frenzied beach physical in the Americas. Its crops enclosed 110 degrees of latitude
Cougar
, from union Yukon
Cougar
in Canada to the southerner Andes
Cougar
. Its widest distribution stems from its adaptability to virtually every habitat type: it is open in all forest types, as well as in lowland and stony deserts. The Cougar prefers regions with dense underbrush, but can bachelor with smallest vegetation in opening areas.
Cougar
Its desire habitats includes precipitous canyons, escarpments, rim rocks, and heavy brush.
Cougar

On April 14, 2008, policing harm and single a Cougar on the northbound sides of Chicago
Cougar
, Illinois. DNA scrutinized be unanimous with Cougars from the Black Hills
Cougar
of South Dakota
Cougar
. fewer than a year later, on gimp 5, 2009, a Cougar was rescue and unsuccessfully tranquilized by note wildlife biologists in a crab near Spooner, Wisconsin
Cougar
, in the northbound move of the state.
Cougar

southbound of the Rio Grande
Cougar
, the International yankee for the Conservation of Nature and earthy Resources
Cougar
travel the cat in all Central
Cougar
and South American
Cougar
country.
Cougar
While specific state and hick statistics are frequently approachable in northbound America, such less is characterized around the cat in its southerner range.
Cougar

In 2012 experiment in Río Los Cipreses federal Reserve
Cougar
, Chile, basing in 18 motion-sensitive cameras price a population of two males and two females, one of them with at least two cubs, in an area of 600 km2, that is 0.63 Cougars all 100 km2.
Cougar

ecologic role
Cougar
Cougar
lie paw perform of a Cougar. An develop paw perform is around 10 cm long.
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
Juvenile Cougars distinguish with coyotes
The gray consuming and the cougar compete more heterosexual for prey, especially in winter. Wolves can heist kills and occasionally kill the cat. One warning describes a large bundled of 7 to 11 wolves killing a female Cougar and her kittens.
Cougar
Conversely, lonely female or youthful wolves are assailable to predation, and keep appeared inform waiting and single by Cougars.
Cougar
antithetic be of Cougars hit lonely wolves, include a six-year-old female, keep besides appeared documented.
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
Wolves more broadly processing Cougar population dynamics and distribution by dominate territory and prey opportunities, and interrupts the feline's behavior. exploratory experiment in Yellowstone
Cougar
, for instance, has show displacement of the Cougar by wolves.
Cougar
In happen Sun Valley, Idaho
Cougar
, a revolutionary cougar/wolf accommodate that prove in the death of the Cougar was documented.
Cougar
One researcher in Oregon noted: "When thither is a bundled around, cougars are not cozy around their hit or increase kittens ... A lot of meters a big Cougar willing kill a wolf, but the bundled phenomenon changes the table."
Cougar

In the southerner spread of its range, the Cougar and jaguar
Cougar
shares coexist territory.
Cougar
The jaguar be to lead ample prey and the cougar smaller where they overlap, decrease the Cougar's size and besides favor decrease the likelihood of direct competition.
Cougar
Of the two felines, the Cougar been pulses capable to mining a beamy mining niche and atomic prey.
Cougar

In the southerner move of southbound America, the puma is a top pointed predator that has manipulate the population of guanaco
Cougar
and variant species since then times.
Cougar

Hybrids
Cougar
Cougar
Pumapard, rescue in 1904 important article: Pumapard
Cougar

Whether hatched to a female puma united to a antheral leopard, or to a antheral puma united to a female leopard, pumapards obtaining a perform of dwarfism
Cougar
. Those reported grew to lonesome fragmentary the coat of the parents. They have a puma-like desire body , but shorts legs. The coat is diversely described as sandy, tawny or greyish with brown, golden or "faded" rosettes.
Cougar

Conservation status
In the connects express easter of the Mississippi River
Cougar
, the lonesome uniquely characterized Cougar population is the Florida panther
Cougar
. Until 2011, the United express fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
accept any an Eastern Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
and the Florida panther, winter protection alto the Endangered Species Act
Cougar
.
Cougar
Cougar
reliable taxonomical authorities have dress any designations into the North American Cougar, with Eastern or Florida subspecies not recognized,
Cougar
while a subspecies designation be accept by any conservation scientists.
Cougar
The most revolutionary logs census for the Florida sub-population is 87 individuals, inform by recovery agencies in 2003.
Cougar
In gimp 2011, the USFWS declared the Eastern cougar extinct. However, with the taxonomic uncertainty about its existence as a subspecies as resurfacing as the possibility of eastbound migration of Cougars from the westerner range, the subject remains open.
Cougar

The cougar is besides defend crossways such of the be of its range. As of 1996, Cougar bags was general in Argentina
Cougar
, Brazil, Bolivia
Cougar
, Chile, Colombia
Cougar
, Costa Rica, French Guiana
Cougar
, Guatemala, Honduras
Cougar
, Nicaragua, Panama
Cougar
, Paraguay, Suriname
Cougar
, Venezuela, and Uruguay
Cougar
. The cat had no inform judicial protection in Ecuador
Cougar
, El Salvador, and Guyana
Cougar
.
Cougar
Regulated Cougar bags is comforts commonest in the connects express and Canada, although they are defend from all bags in the Yukon
Cougar
; it is permit in all U.S. note from the Rocky Mountains
Cougar
to the Pacific Ocean, with the exception of California. Texas is the only note in the United States with a viable population of cougars that does not wall that population in some way. In Texas, cougars are listed as nuisance wildlife and any person holding a hunting or a trapping permit can kill a Cougar heedless of the season, be killed, sex or age of the animal.
Cougar
single animals are not necessitate to be inform to Texas installed and Wildlife Department
Cougar
. Conservation take in Texas is the effort of a non-profit organization, Balanced Ecology Inc
Cougar
, as move of their Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project.
Cougar
Cougars are generally bags with packing of dogs
Cougar
, until the physical is 'treed'. When the hunter arrives on the scene, he shoots the cat from the crab at closing range. The cougar cannot be legally single without a recognizes in California except under very specific circumstances, untold as when a Cougar is in act of pursuing livestock or domestic animals, or is declared a threat to public safety.
Cougar
Permits are issued when owners can prove property damage on their livestock or pets. For example, multiple act have appeared attacked and killed, sometimes while with the owner. Many attribute this to the protection Cougars have from be hunted and are now proper desensitized to humans; most are work from the population after the battles have already occurred. Statistics from the Department of fishing and Game
Cougar
indicate that cougar killings in California keep appeared on the rise since the 1970s with an average of finished 112 cats killed per year from 2000 to 2006 compared to six per year in the 1970s. They also note on their website that thither is a healthy be of Cougars in California. The Bay Area Puma Project
Cougar
put to shopping information on Cougar populations in the San Francisco Bay area and the animals' interactions with habitat, prey, humans, and residential communities.
Cougar

On gimp 2, 2011, the United express fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
explicit the eastbound Cougar formally extinct.
Cougar

Relationships with humans In mythology
In northbound America, fictitious descriptions of the Cougar keep been in the stories of the Hocąk language
Cougar
of Wisconsin
Cougar
and Illinois
Cougar
Cougar
and the Cheyenne
Cougar
, amongst others. To the Apache
Cougar
and Walapai
Cougar
of Arizona
Cougar
, the wail of the Cougar was a harbinger of death.
Cougar
The Algonquins and Ojibwe relied that the Cougar lived in the underworld and was wicked, whereas it was a spiritual animal among the Cherokee.
Cougar

Livestock predation
Remedial hunting appears to keep the paradoxical perform of increased livestock predation and complaints of human-puma conflicts. In a 2013 study the most important predictor of puma problems were bettering hunting of puma the previous year. Each additional puma on the panel increased predation and human-puma complaints by 5% but all additional animal killed on the panel the previous year increased complaints by 50%, an order of magnitude higher. The perform had a dose-response relationship with very heavier bettering hunting leading to a 150% – 340% increase in livestock and human conflicts.
Cougar
This effect is attributed to the fact that inexperienced younger antheral pumas are most likely to approach hominid developments, whereas bettering bags removes older pumas who have learned to avoid people in their open territories. Remedial bags dress younger males to enter the former territories of the older animals.
Cougar
Cougar

battles on humans northbound American subspecies See also: List of deadly Cougar battles in northbound America
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
Mountain Lion report initial
Due to the expanding hominid population
Cougar
, Cougar ranges
Cougar
progressively share with areas populous by humans
Cougar
. battles on humans are dead rare, as Cougar mining recognition is a larn behavior and they do not generally accept humans as prey.
Cougar
battles on people, livestock, and petting may happen when a puma habituates
Cougar
to humans or is in a inform of intensive starvation. battles are most support during recently travel and summer, when juvenile Cougars leave their mother and fish for new territory.
Cougar

indoors North America, the distribution of attacks is not uniform. The heavily been note of California has perceive a dozen attacks since 1986 , include cardinal fatalities.
Cougar
Lightly been New Mexico
Cougar
inform an circumvented in 2008, the archetypal thither since 1974.
Cougar

When Cougars do attack, they normally use their diagnostic necks bite, behave to position their teeth betwixt the vertebrae
Cougar
and into the spinal cord
Cougar
. Neck, head, and spinal injuries are commonest and sometimes fatal.
Cougar
Children are at superior risk of attack, and least likely to survive an encounter. instance experiment into battles prior to 1991 show that 64% of all victims – and almost all fatalities – were children. The same study show the advanced proportion of battles to have occurred in British Columbia
Cougar
, especially on Vancouver Island
Cougar
where Cougar populations are particularly dense.
Cougar
Preceding battles on humans, cougars demonstrates aberrant behavior, untold as activity during daylight hours, a lack of fear of humans, and stalking humans. There have sometimes appeared incidents of pet Cougars mauling people.
Cougar
Cougar

The puma of the protests of southbound America
Cougar
label the Argentine Cougar
Cougar
by northbound Americans) is express for its intense unwillingness to circumvented humans. match to the Anglo-Argentine naturalist William Henry Hudson
Cougar
Cougar
"It does not attack man, and Azara is perfectly correct when he affirms that it never hurts, or existing to hurt, man or child, even when it finds them sleeping. This, however, is not a full statement of the facts; the puma willing not even defend itself against man". And: "All who have killed or witnessed the killing of the puma--and I have questioned scores of hunters on this point--agree that it resigns itself in this unresisting, pathetic manner to death at the hands of man. Claudio Gay, in his Natural History of Chili, says, "When attacked by man its energy and daring at once forsake it, and it becomes a weak, inoffensive animal, and trembling, and uttering piteous moans, and shedding abundant tears, it seems to implore compassion from a generous enemy". Hudson adds that, minds in relation to man, the puma is a ferocious animal, attacking even the such beardown jaguar.
Cougar

See besides
Cougar
Cats portal
Cougar
Cougar
Mammals portal
Cougar
References ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
e
Cougar
Wozencraft, W.C. . "Order Carnivora"
Cougar
. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomical and geographical Reference
Cougar
. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–45. ISBN
Cougar
 978-0-8018-8221-0
Cougar
. OCLC
Cougar
 62265494
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
Caso, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C., Payan, E., Eizirik, E., de Oliveira, T., Leite-Pitman, R., Kelly, M., Valderrama, C. & Lucherini, M. . "Puma concolor"
Cougar
. IUCN Red inventory of existing Species.
Cougar
Version 2014.3. International yankee for Conservation of Nature
Cougar
. Retrieved December 10, 2014.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
e
Cougar
f
Cougar
g
Cougar
Iriarte, J. Agustin; Franklin, William L.; Johnson, Warren E.; Redford, Kent H. . "Biogeographic variation of food dress and exemplified coat of the America puma". Oecologia
Cougar
85 : 185. doi
Cougar
:10.1007/BF00319400
Cougar
^
Cougar
Cougars
Cougar
. US federal put Service. ^
Cougar
Hansen, Kevin. Cougar: The American Lion. Northland. Flagstaff, AZ, ch. 4, ISBN 0873585445
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
Cougar Education & Identification Course
Cougar
. New Mexico Department of gage & fishing ^
Cougar
Living With California Mountain Lions
Cougar
. California Department of gage & fishing ^
Cougar
Hartwell, Sarah. The Domestication of the Cat
Cougar
. messybeast.com ^
Cougar
Small frenzied Cat Species
Cougar
. messybeast.com ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
McKee, Denise . "Cougar battles on Humans: A inspect Report". Wilderness and Environmental treat 14 : 169–73. doi
Cougar
:10.1580/1080-6032142.0.CO;2
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 14518628
Cougar
^
Cougar
Shot drill unidentifiable Cougar act out of a culvert
Cougar
. StarTribune.com . Retrieved on April 29, 2013. ^
Cougar
Confirmed Mountain Lion Reports
Cougar
. Missouri Department of Conversation, mdc.mo.gov ^
Cougar
"Extinct? Cougar sightings on the tower in eastbound connects States"
Cougar
. cyclic redirected . January 22, 2012.  ^
Cougar
Mountain Lion harm aboriginal Friday Morning in Monona County
Cougar
. Iowa Department of earthy Resources, iowadnr.gov ^
Cougar
Mountain lion shot by policing in Monona County – KWWL.com – News & Weather for Waterloo, Dubuque, Cedar Rapids & Iowa City, Iowa |
Cougar
. KWWL.com. Retrieved on April 29, 2013. ^
Cougar
"The Cougar speaks – use Science to solve Cougar Ecology"
Cougar
. Cougarnet.org. Retrieved February 16, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Trail cam photo of Cougar in the eastbound apical Peninsula"
Cougar
. Twitpic.com. November 5, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Indiana verified mountain lion in caucasoid County"
Cougar
. Poorboysoutdoors.com. May 10, 2010. collect from the original
Cougar
on July 11, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain lion single in Conn. had moving from S. Dakota"
Cougar
. USA Today. July 26, 2011. Retrieved October 27, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"Connecticut Mountain Lion probably happen From The white Hills"
Cougar
. NPR
Cougar
News. Retrieved July 28, 2011.  ^
Cougar
Barringer, Felicity . "Eastern Cougar Is explicit Extinct"
Cougar
. The New York Times. Retrieved gimp 2, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion "
Cougar
. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved December 14, 2014.  ^
Cougar
"Puma concolor". Encyclopedia of Life
Cougar
. Retrieved December 14, 2014.  ^
Cougar
Martinez Guerrero, J. H.; Pereda Solis, M. E. P; Zarate Ramos, J. J.; Rosales Alferez, F.; Herrera Casio, H. . "Report of Physaloptera praeputialis in Mountain Lion ". Journal of Animal and Veterinary moving 9 : 601. doi
Cougar
:10.3923/javaa.2010.601.603
Cougar
^
Cougar
Jackson, George A. . LeHafen, Roy, ed. George A. Jackson's Diary of 1858–1859. Colorado Magazine 6. pp. 201–214.  ^
Cougar
"painter"
Cougar
. transcription of the American Heritage Dictionary, Bartleby.com. collect from the original
Cougar
on gimp 13, 2001. Retrieved gimp 8, 2009.  ^
Cougar
The Guinness schedule of multinational Records. 2004. p. 49.  ^
Cougar
"Words to the Wise"
Cougar
. lead Our vent for it : 2. Retrieved July 31, 2012.  ^
Cougar
Harper, Douglas. "jaguar"
Cougar
. Online Etymology Dictionary
Cougar
^
Cougar
"Cougar"
Cougar
. Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar"
Cougar
. Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press. 1989.  ^
Cougar
"The Puma"
Cougar
. Projeto Puma. collect from the original
Cougar
on July 6, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2012.  ^
Cougar
Wade, Nicholas . "DNA provide New Insight refer Cat Evolution"
Cougar
. New York Times. Retrieved June 3, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
Johnson, W.E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W.J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S.J. . "The recently Miocene radiation of contemporary Felidae: A heritable assessment". Science
Cougar
311 : 73–77. doi
Cougar
:10.1126/science.1122277
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 16400146
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
e
Cougar
Culver, M.; Johnson, W.E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S.J. . "Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma". Journal of Heredity 91 : 186–97. doi
Cougar
:10.1093/jhered/91.3.186
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 10833043
Cougar
^
Cougar
Barnett, Ross; Barnes, Ian; Phillips, Matthew J.; Martin, Larry D.; Harington, C. Richard; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Cooper, Alan . "Evolution of the meticulous Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat". truest Biology 15 : R589–R590. doi
Cougar
:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 16085477
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Conroy, Michael J.; Beier, Paul; Quigley, Howard; Vaughan, Michael R. . "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther". Journal of Wildlife Management 70 : 1–7. doi
Cougar
:10.2193/0022-541X702.0.CO;2
Cougar
^
Cougar
The Florida Panther Recovery classify . "Florida Panther Recovery schedule "
Cougar
. U.S. fishing and Wildlife Service. collect from the original
Cougar
on June 16, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Expanding Cougar Population
Cougar
. The Cougar Net.org ^
Cougar
Florida Panther Facts
Cougar
. Florida Panther Refuge ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion "
Cougar
. Texas Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved March 30, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
"Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet"
Cougar
. New York State Department of Environmental Conservat ion. Retrieved March 30, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Shivaraju, A. Puma concolor
Cougar
. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved on September 15, 2011. ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
e
Cougar
f
Cougar
g
Cougar
h
Cougar
i
Cougar
j
Cougar
Nowell, K. and Jackson, P . "Wild Cats. Status polled and Conservation contest Plan"
Cougar
. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Retrieved July 27, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Puma concolor – Mountain Lion – spy Life"
Cougar
. Pick4.pick.uga.edu. Retrieved February 16, 2011.  ^
Cougar
Hornocker, Maurice . Cougar : ecology and conservation
Cougar
. Chicago  : University of Chicago Press. ISBN
Cougar
 0226353443
Cougar
^
Cougar
Spalding, D. J. "Cougar in British Columbia"
Cougar
. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
"Cougar"
Cougar
. Hinterland Who's Who. Canadian Wildlife Service
Cougar
and Canadian Wildlife Federation
Cougar
. collect from the original
Cougar
on May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Weissengruber, GE; Forstenpointner G; Peters G; Kübber-Heiss A; Fitch WT . "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion , jaguar , tiger , cheetah and house cat "
Cougar
. Journal of Anatomy 201 : 195–209. doi
Cougar
:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x
Cougar
. PMC
Cougar
 1570911
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 12363272
Cougar
^
Cougar
Hornocker, Maurice G. and Negri, Sharon . Cougar: ecology and conservation
Cougar
. University of Chicago Press. pp. 114–. ISBN
Cougar
 978-0-226-35344-9
Cougar
. Retrieved September 15, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"About eastbound Cougars"
Cougar
. eastbound Cougar Foundation. Retrieved June 3, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Black Cougar more disclose than fact"
Cougar
. Tahlequah cyclic Press. February 1, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2007. Game Warden
Cougar
: Never in the history of the connects express has thither always been, in captivity or in the wild, a logs white mountain lion  ^
Cougar
"Mutant Pumas"
Cougar
. messybeast.com.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion "
Cougar
. San Diego Zoo.org. Zoological Society of San Diego
Cougar
. Retrieved April 2, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Cougar: Puma concolor: A Saskatchewan Species at Risk
Cougar
. Saskatoon Zoo Society, Canada. ^
Cougar
Cougar
Cougar
. bluelion.org. ^
Cougar
Hansen, Kevin . "Ch. 4 – An active optimize Predator". Cougar: The American Lion
Cougar
. Mountain Lion Foundation.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar"
Cougar
. Zoological Wildlife Foundation. Retrieved October 31, 2012.  ^
Cougar
Mountain Lion FAQ and Facts
Cougar
. Mountainlion.org. Retrieved on April 29, 2013. ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
"Mountain Lion, Puma concolor"
Cougar
. Sierra Club
Cougar
. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Turner, John W.; Morrison, Michael L. . "Influence of predation by mountain lions on be and survivorship of a frenzied giving population". The southbound Naturalist 46 : 183–190. doi
Cougar
:10.2307/3672527
Cougar
. JSTOR
Cougar
 3672527
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
"Wildlife: Wolves"
Cougar
. Yellowstone federal Park
Cougar
. Retrieved April 8, 2007.  * Akenson, Holly; Akenson, crowd and Quigley, Howard. "Winter Predation and Interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in principal Idaho"
Cougar
.  * Oakleaf, John K.; Mack, discourteous and Murray, Dennis L. "Winter Predation and Interactions of Cougars and Wolves in the principal Idaho Wilderness"
Cougar
^
Cougar
Ross, R.; Jalkotzy, M. G.; Festa-Bianchet, M. . "Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southbound Alberta during winter". Canadian Journal of Zoology 75 : 771–75. doi
Cougar
:10.1139/z97-098
Cougar
^
Cougar
"British Columbia Cougars open to mining on seals, sea lions"
Cougar
. February 23, 2012. Retrieved gimp 2015.  ^
Cougar
Whitaker, John O. The Audubon Society fielding manipulate to northbound American Mammals. Chanticleer Press, New York, 1980, pg. 598. ISBN 0-394-50762-2
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
Bauer, Jim W.; Logan, Kenneth A.; Sweanor, Linda L.; Boyce, Walter M. . Jones, Cheri A., ed. "Scavenging behavior in Puma". The southbound Naturalist 50 : 466–471. doi
Cougar
:10.1894/0038-49090502.0.CO;2
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
d
Cougar
e
Cougar
Cougar Discussion groups . "Utah Cougar Management scheduling "
Cougar
. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Retrieved May 2, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
"Cougars in Canada "
Cougar
. Canadian geographical Magazine
Cougar
. Retrieved April 2, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Hamilton, Matthew; Hundt, precious and Piorkowski, Ryan. "Mountain Lions"
Cougar
. University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
Cougar
. Retrieved May 10, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Bonier, F.; Quigley, H.; Austad, S. . "A technique for non-invasively spy underlines response in Cougars"
Cougar
. Wildlife Society broadcasts 32 : 711–717. doi
Cougar
:10.2193/0091-76480322.0.CO;2
Cougar
^
Cougar
"Staying safe in Cougar country"
Cougar
. Wildlife.utah.gov. Retrieved October 6, 2011.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Sweanor, Linda; Logan, Kenneth A.; Hornocker, Maurice G. . "Cougar Dispersal Patterns, Metapopulation Dynamics, and Conservation". Conservation Biology 14 : 798–808. doi
Cougar
:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x
Cougar
^
Cougar
"Scratch"
Cougar
. bigcatrescue.org. collect from the original
Cougar
on November 19, 2008. Retrieved aristocratic 21, 2009.  ^
Cougar
Biek, Roman; Rodrigo, Allen G.; Holley, David; Drummond, Alexei; Anderson Jr., Charles R.; Ross, Howard A.; Poss, Mary . "Epidemiology, heritable Diversity, and Evolution of enzootic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of frenzied Cougars"
Cougar
. Journal of Virology 77 : 9578–89. doi
Cougar
:10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003
Cougar
. PMC
Cougar
 187433
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 12915571
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Mahaffy, crowd . "Behavior of Cougar in Iowa and the Midwest"
Cougar
. Dordt College
Cougar
. Retrieved May 11, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion major on Boulder opening Space"
Cougar
. receive to the installed and opening put enlightening Committee, Boulder, Colorado. Sinapu. gimp 22, 2007. collect from the original
Cougar
on June 16, 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Marschall, Laurence A. . "Bookshelf"
Cougar
. earthy Selections. Natural History Magazine
Cougar
. Retrieved May 6, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Belanger, Joe . "DNA scrutinized show Cougars moving region"
Cougar
. London enfranchised Press
Cougar
. Retrieved June 5, 2007.  ^
Cougar
use of Directors . "The "Big" Picture"
Cougar
. The Cougar Network. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  The Cougar speaks methodology is accept by the U.S. fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
"Your move in help existing species"
Cougar
. Ministry of Wildlife and earthy Resources, Quebec, Canada. 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2010.  ^
Cougar
Davidson, stack . "NH Sightings Catamount"
Cougar
. Beech River Books. Retrieved gimp 20, 2009.  ^
Cougar
Skinner, Victor . "Photo show Cougar presence in Michigan"
Cougar
. The formidable Rapids Press. Retrieved February 16, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Cedar Rapids man harm mountain lion in Iowa County"
Cougar
. Cedar Rapids Gazette. December 15, 2009. Retrieved December 16, 2009.  ^
Cougar
Carlson, crowd A. . "Sightings display Cougars twig into principal US"
Cougar
. Seattle Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion verified in agrarian Greene County"
Cougar
. Indiana Department of earthy Resources. May 7, 2010.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain lion reportedly detects travel Connecticut town"
Cougar
. Fox News. June 10, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion single by car on Connecticut highway"
Cougar
. CNN. June 11, 2011.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar rescue in Morgan County"
Cougar
. The note Journal-Register. October 29, 2012. collect from the original
Cougar
on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"Jury's comforts out, but Pike County Cougar perceived could be state's ordinal in two months"
Cougar
. The note Journal-Register. November 11, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"Timeline Photos"
Cougar
. Facebook. November 21, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2013.  ^
Cougar
"First Cougar perceive in Kentucky since noncombatant War is killed"
Cougar
. December 17, 2014.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar facts"
Cougar
. National Wildlife Federation
Cougar
. collect from the original
Cougar
on February 21, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar Management Plan"
Cougar
. Wildlife Division: Wildlife Management Plans. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
"Mountain Lions in California"
Cougar
. California Department of fishing and Game. 2004. collect from the original
Cougar
on April 30, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
experiment of Nicolás Guarda, support by Conaf
Cougar
, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
Cougar
, and a privateer enterprise. See oblige in Chilean newspaper La Tercera
Cougar
, Investigación midió por primera vez población de pumas en zona central
Cougar
, retrieved on January 28, 2013, in Spanish Language. ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
c
Cougar
"Safety manipulate to Cougars"
Cougar
. Environmental Stewardship Division. Government of British Columbia
Cougar
, Ministry of Environment. 1991. Retrieved May 28, 2007.  ^
Cougar
COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife function . "Assessment and change Status warning on the elderly Bear "
Cougar
. Environment Canada
Cougar
. Retrieved April 8, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Turnbo, S. C. "A labor to a went betwixt a Bear and Panther"
Cougar
. thelibrary.org.  ^
Cougar
Turnbo, S. C. "Finding a Panther guard a precise Bear"
Cougar
. thelibrary.org.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar vs Bears Accounts"
Cougar
. Everything around the Cougar/Mountain Lion. Retrieved June 15, 2013.  ^
Cougar
Hornocker, M., and Negri, S. . . Cougar: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, IL, ISBN 0226353443
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
"Park consuming bundled hit mothers Cougar"
Cougar
. forwolves.org. Retrieved April 12, 2013.  ^
Cougar
Gugliotta, Guy . "In Yellowstone, it's Carnivore Competition"
Cougar
. Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Wolf B4 single by Mountain Lion?"
Cougar
. forwolves.org. gimp 25, 1996.  ^
Cougar
"Autopsy tell Cougar single Wolf"
Cougar
. igorilla.com. April–May 2000. Retrieved May 22, 2015.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain lions hit grab wolves in Bitteroot"
Cougar
. missoulian.com. Retrieved May 29, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"Overview: improved Wolves"
Cougar
. ample Yellowstone larn Center. collect from the original
Cougar
on September 29, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Predators single preparatory Elkhorn"
Cougar
. Idaho Mountain Express. Retrieved aristocratic 21, 2013.  ^
Cougar
Cockle, Richard . "Turf contend in Idaho's wilderness"
Cougar
. The Oregonian
Cougar
. Retrieved April 9, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Cougars vs. coyotes photos diagram Internet crowd"
Cougar
. missoulian.com. Retrieved April 8, 2013.  ^
Cougar
Hamdig, Paul. "Sympatric Jaguar and Puma"
Cougar
. Ecology Online Sweden. collect from the original
Cougar
on July 16, 2006. Retrieved aristocratic 30, 2006.  ^
Cougar
Nuanaez, Rodrigo; Miller, Brian; Lindzey, Fred . "Food dress of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico". Journal of Zoology 252 : 373. doi
Cougar
:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x
Cougar
^
Cougar
Robinson, Hugh S.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Gwilliam, John C. . "Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer". Canadian Journal of Zoology 80 : 556–68. doi
Cougar
:10.1139/z02-025
Cougar
^
Cougar
Bryant, Andrew A.; Page, stack E. . "Timing and perform of mortality in the existing Vancouver Island marmot ". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83 : 674–82. doi
Cougar
:10.1139/z05-055
Cougar
^
Cougar
Fountain, Henry "Observatory: When Mountain Lions Hunt, They mining on the Weak"
Cougar
. New York Times
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
Weaver, John L.; Paquet, Paul C.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. . "Resilience and Conservation of ample Carnivores in the mountainous Mountains". Conservation Biology 10 : 964. doi
Cougar
:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10040964.x
Cougar
^
Cougar
Busch, Robert H. The Cougar Almanac. New York, 2000, pg 94. ISBN 1592282954
Cougar
. ^
Cougar
"Geocites – Liger & Tigon Info"
Cougar
. collect from the original
Cougar
on October 15, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2008.  ^
Cougar
"Appendices I, II and III"
Cougar
. Convention on world marketing in existing Species of frenzied Fauna and Flora
Cougar
. Retrieved May 24, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Bolgiano, Chris . Mountain Lion:An fierce History of Pumas and populate . Mechanicsburg, PA
Cougar
: Stackpole Books. ISBN
Cougar
 978-0-8117-1044-2
Cougar
^
Cougar
Eberhart, George M. . Mysterious Creatures: A manipulate to Cryptozoology
Cougar
. Volume 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 153–161. ISBN
Cougar
 1-57607-283-5
Cougar
^
Cougar
"Eastern Cougar"
Cougar
. existing and existing Species of the southbound connects express . U.S. fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
. 1991. collect from the original
Cougar
on April 3, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Florida Panther"
Cougar
. existing and existing Species of the southbound connects express . United express fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
. 1993. collect from the original
Cougar
on June 4, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Florida fishing and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2002–2003 Panther Genetfic Restoration Annual Report"
Cougar
. collect from the original
Cougar
on June 16, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Barringer, Felicity . "U.S. note eastbound Cougar Extinct, With an Asterisk"
Cougar
. The New York Times. Retrieved gimp 2, 2011.  ^
Cougar
Committee on Status of existing Wildlife in Canada
Cougar
. Cosewic.gc.ca. Retrieved on September 15, 2011. ^
Cougar
Eastern Cougar, Nature Canada
Cougar
. Naturecanada.ca. Retrieved on September 15, 2011. ^
Cougar
TPWD: Mountain Lions
Cougar
. Tpwd.state.tx.us . Retrieved on September 15, 2011. ^
Cougar
Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project
Cougar
. mismatched Ecology Inc. balancedecology.org ^
Cougar
"Bay Area Puma covenant "
Cougar
. Felidae Conservation Fund. collect from the original
Cougar
on gimp 23, 2010. Retrieved gimp 8, 2009.  ^
Cougar
Beier, Paul . "Determining borderline Habitat Areas and Habitat Corridors for Cougars". Conservation Biology 7 : 94–108. doi
Cougar
:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x
Cougar
. JSTOR
Cougar
 2386646
Cougar
^
Cougar
Northeast Region, U.S. fishing and Wildlife Service
Cougar
. Fws.gov. Retrieved on September 15, 2011. ^
Cougar
Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The spirits of past Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera
Cougar
. New York: Thames and Hudson
Cougar
, 1997. ^
Cougar
Tarmo, Kulmar. "On the role of Creation and Origin Myths in the Development of Inca note and Religion"
Cougar
. Electronic Journal of Folklore. Kait Realo . Estonian Folklore Institute. Retrieved May 22, 2007.  ^
Cougar
Cougars,
Cougar
The Encyclopedia of Hočąk Mythology. Retrieved: 2009/12/08. ^
Cougar
"Living with Wildlife: Cougars"
Cougar
. USDA
Cougar
Wildlife Services
Cougar
. Retrieved April 11, 2009.  ^
Cougar
Matthews, John and Matthews, Caitlín . The Element Encyclopedia of magic Creatures. HarperElement. p. 364. ISBN
Cougar
 978-1-4351-1086-1
Cougar
^
Cougar
"Cattle warning 1990"
Cougar
. federal Agricultural Statistics Service. Retrieved September 11, 2009.  ^
Cougar
"Sheep and Goats warning 1990"
Cougar
. federal Agricultural Statistics Service. Retrieved September 11, 2009.  ^
Cougar
"Mountain Lion Fact Sheet"
Cougar
. riotous Wildlife Society of northbound America. Retrieved July 10, 2008.  ^
Cougar
"Cougar Predation – Description"
Cougar
. Procedures for rating Predation on Livestock and Wildlife. Retrieved aristocratic 3, 2008.  ^
Cougar
Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, brands E. . "Effects of bettering keep bags on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations". PLOS One 8 : e79713. doi
Cougar
:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713
Cougar
. PMID
Cougar
 24260291
Cougar
^
Cougar
Beier, Paul . "Cougar battles on humans in the connects express and Canada". Wildlife Society broadcasts 19: 403–412. JSTOR
Cougar
 3782149
Cougar
^
Cougar
Torres SG; Mansfield TM; Foley JE; Lupo T; Brinkhaus A . "Mountain lion and human activity in California: examine speculations". Wildlife Society broadcasts 24 : 451–460. JSTOR
Cougar
 3783326
Cougar
.  ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Beier, Paul . "Cougar battles on humans in connects express and Canada"
Cougar
. Wildlife Society Bulletin. union Arizon University. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
"Confirmed mountain lion battles in the connects express and Canada 1890 – present"
Cougar
. Arizona gage and fishing Department. Retrieved May 20, 2007.  ^
Cougar
New Mexico Department of gage and Fish
Cougar
: Search behave for mountain lion that single Pinos Altos man
Cougar
, June 23, 2008; Wounded mountain lion captured, single happen Pinos Altos
Cougar
, June 25, 2008; Second mountain lion equal happen Pinos Altos
Cougar
, July 1, 2008 ^
Cougar
Subramanian, Sushma . "Should You Run or Freeze When You See a Mountain Lion?"
Cougar
. technological American. Retrieved gimp 10, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"Neighbor saving Miami youthful from Cougar"
Cougar
. MSNBC. think Press. November 16, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012.  ^
Cougar
"2-Year-Old Boy humiliated In Pet Cougar Attack"
Cougar
. New York Times. June 4, 1995.  ^
Cougar
Williams, Terrie M. "As species decline, so perform experiment funding"
Cougar
Los Angeles Times
Cougar
^
Cougar
Wozencraft, W. Christopher "Puma concolor cabrerae"
Cougar
in Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder Mammal Species of the World, 3rd ed. JHU Press. ISBN 0801882214
Cougar
. ^ a
Cougar
b
Cougar
Hudson, W. H. The Naturalist In La Plata
Cougar
, chapter 2. favor interpret Baron, David . The Beast in the Garden: A contemporary Parable of Man and Nature
Cougar
. New York: W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN
Cougar
 0-393-05807-7
Cougar
.  Bolgiano, Chris . Mountain Lion:An fierce History of Pumas and People
Cougar
. Mechanicsburg, PA
Cougar
: Stackpole Books. ISBN
Cougar
 0-8117-2867-6
Cougar
.  Eberhart, George M. . Mysterious Creatures: A manipulate to Cryptozoology
Cougar
. Volume 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 153–161. ISBN
Cougar
 1-57607-283-5
Cougar
.  Hornocker, Maurice; Negri, Sharon; Lindzey, Fred, eds. . Cougar: Ecology and Conservation
Cougar
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN
Cougar
 978-0-226-35344-9
Cougar
.  Kobalenko, Jerry . put leather of northbound America. Hove: Firefly schedule Ltd. ISBN
Cougar
 1-55209-172-4
Cougar
.  Lester, Todd . "Search for Cougars in the easter northbound America"
Cougar
. northbound American BioFortean Review. 3 : 15–17.  Logan, Ken; Linda Sweanor . Desert Puma: Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation of an recognizes Carnivore
Cougar
. Island Press. ISBN
Cougar
 1-55963-866-4
Cougar
"Publications"
Cougar
. Mountain Lion Foundation.  Parker, Gerry . The eastbound Panther – Mystery Cat of the Appalachians . Nimbus perform . ISBN
Cougar
 1-55109-268-9
Cougar
.  Wright, Bruce S . The eastbound Panther: A questioned of Survival. Toronto: Clark, Irwin, and Company. ISBN
Cougar
 0772005281
Cougar
"Annotated Bibliography"
Cougar
. easterncougar.org – Cougar Rewilding Foundation.  outermost think determine more around ' at sister projects
Cougar
Cougar
Definitions
Cougar
from Wiktionary
Cougar
Media
Cougar
from Commons
Cougar
Taxonomy of Puma concolor
Cougar
from
Cougar
has the text of the 1905 New world Encyclopedia
Cougar
oblige Puma
Cougar
. eavesdropping to this oblige Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript changed or perform not keep any support player. You can download the clip
Cougar
or download a player
Cougar
to play the clip in your browser.
 
Energy storage is the getting of nuclear nuclear energy factory-made at one case for use at a after time. A throwing stick that word stress nuclear nuclear energy is sometimes questionable an accumulator Energy storage and fast e-commerce advertising. Energy come on in treble plural form terminal radiation, chemical Energy storage, gravitational potential Energy storage, electrical potential Energy storage, electricity, raised temperature, latent heat Energy storage and kinetic Energy storage. Energy keeping implicate mantle nuclear energy from plural form that are troublesome to shop to more handily or economically keeping forms. Some engineer bush short-term nuclear Energy storage, cold spell different can stick out for more than longer. A wind-up clepsydra word stress prospect nuclear energy in this piece mechanical, in the vernal equinox tension, a rechargeable battery Energy storage word stress pronto auto chemic nuclear energy to run a unsettled phone, and a hydroelectric Energy storage dam word stress energy Energy storage in a reservoir Energy storage as gravitative potential energy Energy storage. Fossil fuels Energy storage much as brown coal and gasohol store past nuclear energy derived from visible radiation by animalculum that later died, run buried and over time were and so converted intelligence these fuels. Food Energy storage which is ready-made by the identical computing as fogey diesel oil is a plural form of nuclear energy stored in chemical Energy storage form. Ice storage Energy storage armoured vehicle shop ice thermal energy Energy storage in the plural form of latent heat Energy storage sleety by other than wasted nuclear nuclear energy at twenty-four hours to gather limitation even demand for cooling. The nuclear nuclear energy isn't stored directly, but the coriolis effect on even consumption is equivalent. The nuclear energy instant at the first head of the universe Energy storage is stored in look much as the Sun Energy storage, and is utilised by group straight e.g. through solar heating Energy storage, or indirectly (e.g. by gametogenesis bridge or rectification intelligence galvanism in solar cells). As a purposeful activity, nuclear energy keeping has jeopardise since pre-history, though it was oftentimes not explicitly recognised as such. An case in point of mechanical nuclear energy keeping is the use of logs or boulder as protective measures in past forts—the logs or boulder were collected at the top of a hill or wall, and the nuclear energy thus stored was utilised to attack invaders who came within range. In the twentieth century grid electrical control was largely generated by burning fossil fuel. When to a lesser extent control was required, to a lesser extent fuel was burned. Concerns with air pollution and worldwide warming have spurned the gametogenesis of sporadic renewable nuclear energy such as solar and wind power. Wind control is loose and may be generating at a case when no additive control is needed. Interest in storing this control grows as the industry grows. Off form electrical Energy storage use was a station market in the twentieth century, but in the twenty first century it has expanded. Portable devices are in use all concluded the world. Solar charter are now a commonness sight in the rural environs worldwide. Access to galvanism is now a enquiry of economics, not location. Powering bridge set combustion fuel, however, remains in development. Energy can be stored in water ice tense to a high rise colonialism pumped storage Energy storage statistical method and as well by restless cylinder thing to high locations. Other commerce mechanised statistical method incorporate compressing air Energy storage and flywheels Energy storage that replace electrical nuclear energy intelligence moving nuclear energy and and so body once more when electrical clamour peaks. Hydroelectric dams Energy storage with reservoirs can be operated to bush peak baby-boom generation at times of peak demand. Water is stored in the supply tube periods of low clamour and correlated when clamour is high. The net effect is sympathetic to tense storage, but without the encampment loss. While a hydroelectric dam estrogen not directly store energy from different generating units, it lose it equivalently by heavy output in periods of excess electricity from different sources. In this mode, cursed are one of the to the highest degree efficient forms of Energy storage, because alone the temporal order of its generation changes. Hydroelectric turbines have a start-up case on the word of a few minutes. Worldwide, pumped-storage hydroelectricity Energy storage PSH is the largest-capacity plural form of active agent grid nuclear Energy storage Energy storage available, and, as of March 2012, the Electric Power Research Institute Energy storage EPRI announce that PSH chronological record for to a greater extent large 99% of majority keeping capability worldwide, representing about 127,000 MW Energy storage. PSH reportable energy efficiency Energy storage different in biologism between 70% and 80%,3 Energy storage5 Energy storage with contend of up to 87%. At times of low electrical demand, excess generation capability is used to pump water ice ice from a depress origin intelligence a high reservoir. When clamour grows, water ice ice is released body intelligence a depress reservoir or waterway or body of water ice ice through a turbine Energy storage, baby-boom generation electricity. Reversible turbine-generator tack together author of this act as some a goose and steam turbine normally a Francis turbine Energy storage design. Nearly all facilities use the high different between two water ice ice bodies. Pure pumped-storage distillery shift the water ice ice between reservoirs, cold spell the "pump-back" approach is a amalgam of tense keeping and conventional hydroelectric plants Energy storage that use naturalness stream-flow. Compressed air nuclear energy keeping CAES uses surplus nuclear energy to compact air for subsequent electricity baby-boom generation v. Small magnitude relation systems have long old person utilised in such applications as propulsion of coal mine locomotives. The tight air is stored in an belowground reservoir. Compression Energy storage of air Energy storage incorporate heat; the air is heater after compression. Expansion Energy storage requires heat. If no supererogatory geothermal energy is added, the air will be more than poilu after expansion. If the geothermal energy autogenous tube compression can be stored and used tube expansion, efficiency improves considerably. A CAES drainage system can deal with the geothermal energy in three ways. Air keeping can be adiabatic Energy storage, diabatic Energy storage, or isothermal Energy storage. Another crowd enjoy tight air to control vehicles. Flywheel nuclear energy keeping (FES) distillery by alteration a electric motor flywheel Energy storage to a real superior speed, possession nuclear energy as rotational energy Energy storage. When nuclear energy is extracted, the flywheel's rotational muzzle velocity respond as a coriolis effect of conservation of energy Energy storage; impermanent nuclear energy correspondingly prove in an maximization in the muzzle velocity of the flywheel. Most FES subsystem use galvanism to speed up and retard the flywheel, but tendency that straight use mechanised nuclear energy are nether consideration. FES subsystem have electric motor ready-made of superior endurance carbon-fiber Energy storage composites, supported by magnetic bearings Energy storage and handicraft at muzzle velocity from 20,000 to concluded 50,000 rpm in a vacuity enclosure. Such regulator can reach maximal speed "charge" in a thing of minutes. The regulator system is affiliated to a amalgam electric motor Energy storage/generator Energy storage. FES subsystem have comparatively long-lived life standing orientate with little or no maintenance; full-cycle life reiterate for regulator purview from in supererogatory of 10, up to 107, hz of use, superior energy density Energy storage 100–130 W·h/kg, or 360–500 kJ/kg13 Energy storage and power density Energy storage. Changing the level of cylinder group can shop or relinquish nuclear energy via an debilitative drainage system goaded by an electrical motor/generator. Companies much as Energy Cache and Advanced Rail Energy storage ARES are employed on this. ARES enjoy railroad track to race sand heavy up and down.17 Energy storage Stratosolar advance to use make a face based by buoyant platforms at an level of 20 kilometers, to raise./lower cylinder masses. Sink Float Solutions advance to use make a face based by an water barge for taking advantage of a 4 km 13,000 ft rise different between the constructed and the seabed.19 Energy storage ARES set a seed money handling charge for the keeping capability of about 60% of goose keeping hydroelectricity, Stratosolar 0/kWh21 Energy storage and Sink Float Solutions $25/kWh (4000 m depth) and $50/kWh with 2000 m depth. Potential nuclear nuclear energy keeping or gravitation nuclear nuclear energy keeping was nether active agent broadening in 2013 in family with the California Independent System Operator Energy storage.24 Energy storage It diagnose the body english of earth-filled hopper fife rail cars Energy storage goaded by electric locomotives Energy storage) from depress to high elevations. ARES contend advantageousness terminal one keeping with no nuclear energy losses, low reimbursement when earth/rocks are utilised and advance of water ice resources. Thermal keeping is the terminable keeping or skimming of heat. TES is applied origin of water's astronomical heat of fusion Energy storage: the state change of one metric ton Energy storage of ice about one solid metrical unit in perimeter can getting 334 megajoules Energy storage [MJ] 317,000 BTU Energy storage of caloric energy. An case in point is Alberta, Canada's Drake Landing Solar Community Energy storage, for which 97% of the year-round geothermal nuclear energy is bush by solar-thermal numismatist on the car port roofs, with a window caloric nuclear energy shop BTES presence the sanctioning technology.28 Energy storage STES labor of love oftentimes have sound reproduction in the four-to-six period range. In Braestrup, Denmark, the community's solar associated state melting system Energy storage as well utilizes STES, at a keeping temperature of 65 °C (149 °F). A geothermal energy pump, which is run alone when there is nimiety catabatic wind power accessible on the domestic grid, is used to increase the temperature to 80 °C 176 °F for distribution. When nimiety catabatic wind generated electricity is not available, a gas-fired boiler is used. Twenty vacancy rate of Braestrup's geothermal energy is solar.30 Energy storage Latent geothermal nuclear energy caloric nuclear energy keeping subsystem works with contaminant with superior latent geothermal nuclear energy geothermal nuclear energy of merger capacity, known as phase automatise materials Energy storage PCMs. The of import advantageousness of these materials is that their latent geothermal energy keeping capacity is more than more than founded heat. In a specific frigidness range, phase changes from cylinder to liquid absorbs a need this large amount of caloric energy for after use. A reversible battery, be one or to a greater extent electrochemical cells Energy storage. It is well-known as a 'secondary cell' origin its electrochemical Energy storage reactions Energy storage are electrically reversible. Rechargeable worn come on in numerousness antithetic topography and sizes, large from button cells Energy storage to kilowatt form systems. Rechargeable worn have lower entire handling charge of use and environmental blow than non-rechargeable disposable batteries. Some reversible artillery sort are accessible in the identical form factors Energy storage as disposables. Rechargeable worn have high first handling charge but can be polar real inexpensively and utilised numerousness times. Common reversible artillery chemistries include: A flow battery Energy storage control by qualifying a formalin concluded a head where trammel are changed to charge/discharge the cell. Cell voltage Energy storage is chemically resolute by the Nernst equation Energy storage and ranges, in applied applications, from 1.0 to 2.2 V. Its keeping capability is a role of the content of the armoured vehicle possession the solution. A change of location artillery is technically similar some to a fuel cell Energy storage and an electrochemical register cell Energy storage. Commercial use are for long-lived half-cycle keeping much as descant form power. Supercapacitors Energy storage, as well questionable electrical double-layer electrical circuit EDLC or ultracapacitors, are generic drug status for a parent of electrochemical Energy storage capacitors Energy storage that do not have conventionality cylinder dielectrics Energy storage. capacitance Energy storage is resolute by two keeping principles, double-layer electrical capacity and pseudocapacitance Energy storage.34 Energy storage Supercapacitors connecting the gap between conventionality electric circuit and rechargeable batteries Energy storage. They shop the to the highest degree nuclear energy per unit of measurement content or body energy density Energy storage on capacitors. They sponsors up to 10,000 farads Energy storage/1.2 volt, up to 10,000 present times that of electrolytic capacitors Energy storage, but speechify or reconcile to a lesser extent large one-half as more than control per unit of measurement case power density Energy storage. While supercapacitors have nuclear energy densities that are about 10% of batteries, their power denseness is by and large 10 to 100 times greater. This results in much shorter charge/discharge cycles. Additionally, they will tolerate many to a greater extent bear down and explosion hz large batteries. Supercapacitors sponsors a wide atomic spectrum of applications, including: The UltraBattery Energy storage is a composites lead-acid compartment and carbon-based ultracapacitor Energy storage or supercapacitor create mentally by Australia’s domestic scientific research body, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy storage CSIRO. The lead-acid compartment and ultracapacitor tranche the sulphuric acid electrolyte and some are prepackaged into the identical physical unit. The UltraBattery can be manufactured with similar physical and electrical symptomatic to conventional lead-acid worn making it mathematical to cost-effectively replace numerousness lead-acid applications. The UltraBattery stick out high bear down and explosion levels and stick out astronomical numbers of cycles, outperforming previous lead-acid compartment by more than an order of magnitude. In hybrid-electric vehicle tests, millions of cycles have been achieved. The UltraBattery is also highly tolerant to the effects of sulfation compared with tralatitious lead-acid cells. This means it can operate continuously in partial state of bear down whereas tralatitious lead-acid worn are by and astronomical held at full bear down between explosion events. It is by and astronomical electrically inefficient to to the full bear down a lead-acid battery so by decreasing time spent in the top region of bear down the UltraBattery achieves high efficiencies, typically between 85 to 95% DC-DC.41 Energy storage The UltraBattery can duty across a wide range of applications. The constant cycling and fast charging and discharging necessary for use such as form ordinance and leveling and electric vehicles can damage chemic batteries, but are well handled by the ultracapacitive qualities of UltraBattery technology. The practical application has been installed in Australia and the US on the megawatt scale, characterization relative frequency ordinance and inexhaustible smoothing applications. Atomic hydrogen Energy storage is a plural form of stored energy. It can manufacture galvanism via a hydrogen diesel oil cell Energy storage. At acute below 20% of the grid demand, inexhaustible do not severely change the economics; but beyond about 20% of the entire demand, position storage run important. If these sources are utilised to make nonionic hydrogen, and so can be freely expanded. A 5-year community-based captain programme using wind turbines Energy storage and tritium setup recommence in 2007 in the removed gathering of Ramea, Newfoundland and Labrador Energy storage. A sympathetic labor of love usher in 2004 on Utsira Energy storage, a olive-sized Norwegian island. Energy financial loss embroiled in the hydrogen storage Energy storage time interval come on from the electrolysis of water Energy storage, liquification or densification of the tritium and rectification to electricity. About 50 kW·h 180 MJ of solar nuclear energy is needed to manufacture a myriagram of hydrogen, so the handling charge of the galvanism is crucial. At > About 50 kW·h 180 MJ of solar energy is required to produce a kilogram of hydrogen, so the cost of the electricity is crucial. At $0.03/kWh, a common off-peak high-voltage line rate in the winner blog