LIVESTOCK
livestock are domesticated
livestock animals livestock increase in an agricultural sending to outputs commodities livestock untold as food livestock , fiber livestock and labor livestock . This oblige perform not enclosed poultry livestock or take fish livestock , although these, particularly poultry, are ordinarily include indoors the convey of "livestock".
restrict 1 History livestock
2 Types livestock
3 physical rearing livestock
4 take practices livestock
5 Predation livestock
6 Disease livestock
7 Transportation and marketing livestock
8 physical welfare livestock
9 Environmental impact livestock
10 businesslike and societal benefits livestock
11 judicial definitions livestock
12 See also livestock
13 References livestock
14 outermost links livestock
Animal-rearing has arose during the cultural convert to improved take communities instead than hunter-gatherer livestock lifestyles. Animals are 'domesticated' when their perform and extant teach are manipulate by humans. finished time, the cooperative behaviour, life cycle livestock , and physiology livestock of livestock keep centralized radically. galore contemporary take animals are correlated to life in the wild. Dogs livestock be domesticated in easter Asia around 15,000 years ago, Goats livestock and sheep livestock be domesticated approximately 8000 BC in Asia livestock . Swine or pigs livestock be domesticated by 7000 BC in the Middle East livestock and China livestock . The aboriginal certified of horse livestock domestication dates to approximately 4000 BC livestock
The titled "livestock" is blurry and may be defined narrowly or broadly. On a broader view, livestock refers to any perform or population of physical have by humans for a useful, commercialized purpose. This can meant domestic animals livestock , semi livestock -domestic animals, or captive livestock wild animals livestock . Semi-domesticated refers to animals which are lonesome lightly domesticated or of contested status. These populations may besides be in the affect of domestication livestock . any populate may use the titled livestock to involves to lonesome house animals or flat to lonesome red meat livestock animals.
Animal / Type Domestication status frenzied ancestor Time of archetypal captivity, domestication Area of archetypal captivity, domestication Current commercialized uses imagine Alpaca livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Vicuña livestock betwixt 5000 BC and 4000 BC
Andes livestock
wool livestock , meat livestock
livestock Banteng livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Banteng livestock chartless Southeast Asia livestock , Java livestock
meat livestock , milk livestock , draught livestock
livestock Bison livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock unfree N/A recently 19th Century
North America livestock
meat livestock , leather livestock
livestock Camel livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house frenzied Dromedary livestock and Bactrian camels livestock betwixt 4000 BC and 1400 BC
Asia livestock
mount livestock , pack animal livestock , meat livestock , dairy livestock , camel hair livestock
livestock Cat livestock
Mammal livestock , carnivore livestock house African Wildcat livestock
7500 BC livestock livestock livestock
Near East livestock
pest control livestock , companionship livestock , meat livestock
livestock Cattle livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Aurochs livestock
6000 BC
Southwest Asia livestock , India livestock , North Africa livestock Meat livestock , dairy livestock , leather livestock , draught livestock
livestock Deer livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock unfree N/A
1st century AD
UK livestock
Meat livestock , leather livestock , antlers livestock , antler velvet livestock
livestock Dog livestock
Mammal livestock , omnivore livestock house Wolf livestock
12000 BC pack animal livestock , draught livestock , hunting livestock , herding livestock , searching/gathering livestock , watching/guarding livestock , companionship livestock , meat livestock
livestock Donkey livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house African frenzied Ass livestock
4000 BC
Egypt livestock
mount livestock , pack animal livestock , draught livestock , meat livestock , dairy livestock
livestock Gayal livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Gaur livestock chartless Southeast Asia livestock
meat livestock , draught livestock
livestock Goat livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Wild Goat livestock
8000 BC
Southwest Asia livestock
Dairy livestock , meat livestock , wool livestock , leather livestock , light draught livestock
livestock Guinea pig livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Cavia tschudii livestock
5000 BC
South America livestock
Meat livestock , companionship livestock
livestock Horse livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Wild horse livestock
4000 BC
Eurasian Steppes livestock
Mount livestock , draught livestock , dairy livestock , meat livestock , pack animal livestock
livestock Llama livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Guanaco livestock
3500 BC
Andes livestock
pack animal livestock , draught livestock , meat livestock , wool livestock
livestock Mule livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house infertile crossbred of donkey livestock and horse livestock
mount livestock , pack animal livestock , draught livestock
livestock Pig livestock
Mammal livestock , omnivore livestock house Wild boar livestock
7000 BC
Eastern Anatolia livestock
Meat livestock , leather livestock , pet livestock , research livestock
livestock Rabbit livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house frenzied rabbit livestock betwixt AD 400-900
France livestock
Meat livestock , fur livestock , leather livestock , pet livestock , research livestock
livestock Reindeer livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock
semi-domestic
reindeer livestock
3000 BC union Russia livestock
Meat livestock , leather livestock , antlers livestock , dairy livestock , draught livestock ,
livestock Sheep livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house asian mouflon livestock sheep betwixt 11000 BC-9000 BC
Southwest Asia livestock
Wool livestock , dairy livestock , leather livestock , meat livestock " title="Lamb " class="mw-redirect">mutton livestock , lamb livestock )
livestock Water buffalo livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Wild asiatic watering buffalo livestock , 4000 BC
South Asia livestock
mount livestock , draught livestock , meat livestock , dairy livestock
livestock Yak livestock
Mammal livestock , herbivore livestock house Yak livestock
2500 BC
Tibet livestock , Nepal livestock
Meat livestock , dairy livestock , wool livestock , mount livestock , pack animal livestock , draught livestock
livestock
'livestock' are defined, in part, by their end slate as the production of food, fiber and/or labor. During the history of animal husbandry livestock , many auxiliary products keep become in an act to added carcass utilization and decrease waste. For example, physical offal livestock and non-edible parts may be transformed into products untold as pet food and fertilizer. In the past, untold use products were sometimes besides fed to livestock as well. However, intra-species recycling graphs a disease risk, existing animal and flat human health , scrapie livestock and prion livestock ). Due chiefly to BSE , give physical trash to animals has appeared censor in galore countries, at least in reasons to ruminants livestock and pigs livestock .
take practise livestock livestock
Goat livestock family with 1-week-old youthful livestock livestock
Farrowing travel in a earthy core in union Spain livestock important article: animal husbandry livestock
The enclosure of livestock in pastures livestock and barns livestock is a comparatively new development in the history of agriculture livestock . When cattle are enclosed, the write of 'enclosure' may dress from a atomic crate, a ample fenced livestock pasture livestock or a paddock livestock . The write of range may dress from earthy discipline grass, to animal feed livestock . Animals are normally deliberately perform doner arranged insemination or doner injected mating. interior production systems are typically used for pigs livestock , dairy cattle livestock and poultry livestock , as resurfacing as for veal cattle, dairy goats livestock and other animals, depending on the region and season. Animals kept within are generally take intensively, as large put requirements would make indoor take unprofitable and impossible. However, indoor take systems are plausible due to the use they produce, odour problems, the latent for groundwater livestock contamination and physical welfare concerns. . livestock obtain verification livestock is employed to track livestock.
livestock - particularly cattle - may be branded livestock to tell ownership and age, but in contemporary take identification is more probably to be express by convey of ear tags livestock and electronic identification than branding. Sheep are besides often attach by convey of ear attach and/or ear tags. As worry of mad cow disease livestock and variant epidemic illnesses livestock mount, the use of implants livestock to observe and analyze animals in the food production livestock system is progressively common, and sometimes necessitate by government regulations.
livestock farmers keep smouldering from wild animal livestock predation and theft by rustlers livestock . In northbound America, animals untold as the gray wolf livestock , grizzly bear livestock , cougar livestock , and coyote livestock are sometimes considered a threat to livestock. In Eurasia and Africa, predators includes the wolf, leopard livestock , tiger livestock , lion livestock , dhole livestock , Asiatic white bear livestock , crocodile livestock , spotted hyena livestock and others livestock . In southbound America, feral dogs livestock , jaguar livestock , anaconda livestock and spectacled bear livestock are a threat to livestock. In Australia, the dingo livestock , foxes, wedge-tailed eagles livestock are commonest predators, with an additional threat from house dogs because they may hit apparently for fun, travel the carcass uneaten. livestock livestock
Disease Disease management can be achieved through dress in animal husbandry. These measures may aim to tamper distributed using biosecurity measures, such as manipulate animal mixing, manipulate entry to farm separate and the use of preservative clothing, and quarantining sick animals. Diseases besides may be controlled by the use of vaccines and antibiotics. Antibiotics in sub-therapeutic doses may besides be used as a growth-promoter, increasing growth by 10-15%. livestock The publicize of antibiotic resistance livestock has manipulate the practise of blockading dosing untold as antibiotic-laced feed. Countries willing frequently entailed the use of veterinary livestock awards earlier transporting, transfer or showing animals. Disease-free areas frequently purely enforce tamper for entry of potentially diseased animals, including quarantine.
Transportation and marketed livestock livestock
Grass-fed cattle, saleyards, Walcha livestock , NSW livestock important article: livestock transportation livestock
In perform world countries, having access to marketing has been show to support farmers to crown in livestock, with the result that they change their livelihoods. The International range experiment initiate for the Semi-Arid Tropics livestock has work in Zimbabwe livestock to encouraging farmers forms their most of their livestock herds. ICRISAT livestock worked to improve topical farming systems, through 'Innovation platforms' at which farmers, traders, agrarian development agencies and extension officers could discuss the challenges they faced. One finding was that if farmers dedicated fragmentary of three hectares to maize and fragmentary to mucuna in a rotation system, they could obtain 80% of the biomass livestock necessitate to see their livestock doner the dry season. If they lonesome develop maize, they lonesome met 20% of their biomass needs. In Gwanda livestock , the platform helped create a strong local market for goats, raising the value of a single animal from 10US$ to 60US$. This gave the farmers a great incentive to invest in their own goats by growing their own feed stock, buying in commercial feed and improving their rangeland management techniques. Because the platform has helped regulate prices, farmers now plan ahead and sell animals at auction, rather than just selling one or two animals at their farm gate. livestock
The publicize of raising livestock for hominid get added the publicize of the relationship betwixt humans and animals, in terms of the status of animals and obligations of people. Animal welfare livestock is the viewpoint that animals under hominid mother should be treated in such a way that they do not suffer unnecessarily. What is 'unnecessary' smouldering may vary. Generally, though, the physical welfare perspective is based on an interpretation of scientific research on farming practices. By contrast, animal rights livestock is the viewpoint that using animals for hominid get is, by its nature, generally exploitation, regardless of the farming practices used. physical rights activists would generally be vegan or vegetarian, whereas it is unanimous with the physical welfare perspective to eat meat, be on production processes.
A number of animal husbandry practices have been the subject of campaigns in the 1990s and 2000s and have led to legislation in some countries. Confinement of livestock in small and unnatural put is frequently done for economic or health reasons. Animals may be kept in the borderline size of cage or pen with little or no space to exercise. Where livestock are used as a source of power, they may be travel beyond their limits to the point of exhaustion. The public visibility of this abuse meant it was one of the first areas to receive legislation in the nineteenth century in European countries, but it still goes on in parts of Asia. Broiler hens may be de-beaked, pigs may have deciduous teeth pulled, cattle may be de-horned and branded, dairy cows and sheep may have tails cropped, merino sheep may be mulesed, and many types of male animals are castrated. Animals may be transported long distances to market and slaughter. Overcrowded conditions, heat from tropical-area shipping and lack of food, water and rest breaks have been subject to legislation and protest. Slaughter of livestock livestock was an aboriginal aim for legislation. campaigning act to aim Halal livestock and Kosher livestock sacred ritual slaughter.
Environmental compressed See also: Environmental perform of meat production livestock livestock livestock
Cattle livestock happen the Bruneau River livestock in Elko County, Nevada livestock
The publicize of livestock as a bones policy think remains, particularly when deal with problems of deforestation livestock in neotropical areas, land degradation livestock , climate change livestock and air pollution livestock , water shortage livestock and water pollution livestock , and loss of biodiversity livestock . A experiment classify at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine livestock in Hokkaidō livestock found that button the animals' abstain with cysteine, a type of amino acid, and nitrate can decrease the methane gas produced, without jeopardising the cattle's productivity or the banner of their meat and milk. livestock
Deforestation Deforestation impacts the carbon transit and causes habitat loss of galore species. Forests that are sinks for the carbon transit are lost through deforestation. Forests are either logs or burned to make room for grasslands, frequently the area needed is extensive. Deforestation can besides create fragmentation, allowing only united of habitat for species to live. If united are distant and small, gene flow is reduced, habitat is altered, edge effects will happen and there will be more opportunities for invasive species to intrude. livestock beach degradation experiment from the University of Botswana livestock in 2008 has open that farmers' common practise of overstocking cattle to cope with drought losses perform ecosystems more vulnerable and risked desire term damage to cattle herds, in turn, by actually depleting scarce biomass. The study of the Kgatleng district of Botswana predicted that by 2050, the cycle of milder drought is likely to become reduces for the region due to climate change. livestock Climate improved and air pollution livestock livestock examine Australian sheep for breathing methane production , CSIRO livestock Methane is one of the gasses tire from livestock manure; it act for desire periods of quantify and is a greenhouse gas. It is the support most riotous greenhouse gas aft carbon dioxide. livestock flat though there is fewer methane than carbon dioxide its ability to change the atmosphere is 25 meters greater. livestock Nitrous oxide, different aeriform by product of animal agriculture, is about 300 meters more authoritative at trapping heat in the atmosphere. Animal agriculture contributes 65% of anthropogenetic nitric oxide emissions. livestock watering shortage
Livestock entailed water for consumption but besides for watering setting necessary for feed. Grains are often used to feed livestock around 50% of US grain perform perform and 40% of world grain perform perform as well. livestock grains and in widespread crop production need antithetic amounting of water, it work 100,000 liters of watering for a kilogram of grains fed beef, analyze to wheat, which work 900 liters. livestock Water pollution
Fertilizers that frequently contain manure are used to branch such range that keep phosphorus and nitrogen in them, 95% of which is estimated to be losing to the environment. livestock The pollutants sometime perform precise zoned for put and aquatic animals due to the missing of oxygen in the water. livestock The lack of oxygen is characterized as eutrophication, where organisms present in the water grow overly and sometime later decompose using up the oxygen in the water. The most prominent example of such is the Gulf of Mexico, where much of the nutrients in fertilizer used in the mid west are funneled down the Mississippi River into the Gulf causing massive dead zones. Another pollutant not most commonly think of is antibiotics and hormones. In southern Asia vultures that consumed carcasses of livestock declined 95% due to antibiotic characterized as Diclofenac. livestock Alternatives
Researchers in Australia are looking into the possibility of reducing methane from cattle and sheep by introducing digestive bacteria from kangaroo intestines into livestock. livestock In semi-arid rangelands untold as the Great protests in the U.S., there has been experiment that give evidence that livestock can be beneficial to have grassland habitats. livestock designed and maintained habitat for big game species livestock businesslike and societal get Livestock provide a variety of food and non-food products; the latter includes leather, wool, pharmaceuticals, bone products, industrial protein and fats, etc. For many abattoirs, very little animal biomass may be wasted at slaughter. Even intestinal restrict removed at slaughter may be recovered for use as fertilizer. Livestock distributed helps maintain fertility of grazing lands. From barns and feeding areas, distributed is commonly collected for fertilization of cropland. In some places, animal distributed is employed as fuel, either heterosexual , or indirectly . In regions where machine power is limited, some classified of livestock tend to be employed as draft stock, not only for tillage and variant on-farm use, but also for transport of people and goods. In 1997, it was estimated that livestock provided energy for betwixt 25 and 64 percent of cultivation energy in the world's irrigated systems, and that 300 million draft animals were employed globally in small-scale agriculture. livestock
galore analyse have open evidence of societal as well as economic importance of livestock in developing countries and in regions of agrarian poverty, and such evidence is not manipulate to pastoral and nomadic societies. livestock livestock livestock livestock livestock
In the US, get be to been low among motivations for be refer in livestock ranching. livestock Instead, family, tradition and a coveted way of life be to be bones motivators for take purchase, and ranchers "historically have appeared willing to permit low moving from livestock production." livestock
Legal definitions | |
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